What encompasses environments that indirectly affect a child's development, such as a parent's workplace?

The correct response is B, as the exosystem encompasses environments that indirectly influence a child’s development. This level of interaction includes settings that the child may not directly engage with but still has an impact on them, such as a parent's workplace, the school district, or community services.

In the context of a child's ecosystem as outlined in Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, the exosystem represents the social contexts that can affect a child’s immediate environment. For instance, if a parent is experiencing stress at work, it may influence their behavior at home, thereby affecting the child's emotional and social development, even though the child does not directly interact with the workplace.

To provide further context, the microsystem refers to the immediate surroundings and relationships that directly influence a child, such as family, friends, and school. The macrosystem consists of the broader cultural and societal factors that shape those immediate relationships and environments. The chronosystem involves the dimension of time, including life transitions and historical events that influence a child’s development over their lifespan. Understanding these distinctions helps clarify the different layers of influence on a child's growth and development.